Permaculture

Startup

Fig. 2 Relations between North Africa and the Sudan during the era of the great camel caravans, fifth and eighteenth centuries.
Pg 46-47 Ch 3 THE PEOPLES OF WEST AFRICA AROUND A.D. 1000, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY

Linked: https://www.are.na/block/19108841


Fig. 2 Relations between North Africa and the Sudan during the era of the great camel caravans, fifth and eighteenth centuries. 
Pg 46-47 Ch 3 THE PEOPLES OF WEST AFRICA AROUND A.D. 1000, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY

Linked: <a href="https://www.are.na/block/19108841" rel="nofollow noopener">https://www.are.na/block/19108841</a>

Relations between North Africa and the Sudan during the era of the great camel caravans, fifth and eighteenth centuries.

Kingdom of Butua - Wikipedia

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.

The Ndebele people : a historic look at the orgins of this tribe from Zimbabwe

The Ndebele people : a historic look at the orgins of this tribe from Zimbabwe

Ndebele People, their history :::: Bulawayo1872.com ::::
Bulawayo1872.com

bulawayo1872.com

Architecture of Africa - Wikipedia

OLD OWU - ORIGINAL HOMELAND OF THE EGBA PEOPLE

bournemouth.ac.uk

Pg 44-45, Ch 3 THE PEOPLES OF WEST AFRICA AROUND A.D. 1000, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY

with an administrative and territorial system of government
established till some time after A.D. 1000.
Whatever its size, the local community of the forest zone was virtually autonomous, with its own machinery for upholding discipline and maintaining law and order. In this respect the age;
sex, character, wealth and general social standing of individuals played an important part; so also did status associations, age-grades and cult organisations. At the same time each community had
external contacts with similar neighbouring groups. Such intercourse was fostered by friendship and marriage, alliance and trade, as well as by community of interest in religion and in outlook on
lil generally. Thus was it possible to promote widespread similar-ity of language, custom and social life over a fairy large area; beliefs, skills and innovations could also spread fast and far from
group to group; and on the whole a sense of cultural unity was maintained among a considerable number of communities.

THE SAVANNAH
With respect to the savannah peoples, Islam reached the region in the eighth century A.D., the date from which the written history of West Africa begins. The writings of Arab Muslim chroniclers about West Africa appeared in the wake of the religion of the
Prophet: Ibn Munnabch wrote in A.D, 738, followed later by Al. Masudi in A.D. 947. But the rocords of these chroniclers, together with more recent ethnographic evidence, indicate that naturally
the subsistence patterns of the savannah peoples, like their ideas and belief and customs, for long persisted everywhere in varying degrees, Generally the grassland dwellers cultivated grain, but
their scope and efficiency differed widely from place to place.
There were, for instance, some people of what we now call Northern Nigeria who grew mainly one type of small grain; and some peoples of present-day Northern Ghana who cultivated varieties of millet, using light hoes which did not penetrate deep
into the soil. There were, on the other hand, the Hausa of Northern Nigeria and the Bambara and Mandingo of Mali who dug deep into the ground and raised ridges for their millet, while at the same time irrigating the fields for cotton and other special
crops.
The impact of Islam was not responsible for the first develop-ment of agriculture in the Western and Central Sudan'. As a matter of fact one recent writer, G.P. Murdock, has even put forward the bold hypothesis that agriculture was genuinely 
 invented and food plants independently domesticated in the
Mandingo country in the upper Niger basin. Murdock has how-ever been seriously criticised for this; but whether his thesis will stand the test of criticism or not, he has attempted to represent West Africa as an active participant, rather than a passive recipient,
in the skilled processes of development of agricultural techniques and domestication of food plants. At all events, there has been a long tradition of successful cultivation of specialised crops in the Western and Central Sudan, a tradition dating from much earlier
than the period of this discussion.
The savannah peoples, furthermore, were skilled in tending animals. Livestock was reared by people like the Wolof and Serer of Senegal, or later by the almost ubiquitous Fulani who often arranged a mode of living with the settled peoples in whose fields
They roamed and grazed their herds and flocks. Of the varied live.
stock kept, the beasts of burden camels, horses and donkeys-demand especial mention. Although this is a subject of controversy among scholars, it is generally believed that the camel was intro-duced from the East into North Africa before the Christian era,
and thence into the Sudan early in the first millennium A.D. In addition to its high carrying capacity and its singular ability to
travel for many days without water, the camel-particularly the riding camel (mehari) bred for speed--can move much faster than the bullock, for instance. The horse is also of extra-African origin.
It served not only as a pack-animal but also as a military and political instrument whereby military force could be concentrated at short notice and communication maintained between capital
and province. The donkey, as is now generally accepted, was on the other hand domesticated in north-eastern Africa. It was, to the ordinary savannah inhabitant, the beast of burden par excellence,
not requiring large capital investment but able to convey heavy loads of grain, raw material and craft products from field and village to granary and town.
Attention might also be called to cattle. The domestication of these animals has been claimed for Western Asia but, though he has been criticised by his countrymen, a French writer has suggested that they were brought into human society in the
Sahara where, as you may recall, there are ancient rock painting:

Pg 44-45, Ch 3 THE PEOPLES OF WEST AFRICA AROUND A.D. 1000, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY

with an administrative and territorial system of government 
established till some time after A.D. 1000. 
Whatever its size, the local community of the forest zone was virtually autonomous, with its own machinery for upholding discipline and maintaining law and order. In this respect the age; 
sex, character, wealth and general social standing of individuals played an important part; so also did status associations, age-grades and cult organisations. At the same time each community had 
external contacts with similar neighbouring groups. Such intercourse was fostered by friendship and marriage, alliance and trade, as well as by community of interest in religion and in outlook on 
lil generally. Thus was it possible to promote widespread similar-ity of language, custom and social life over a fairy large area; beliefs, skills and innovations could also spread fast and far from 
group to group; and on the whole a sense of cultural unity was maintained among a considerable number of communities.

THE SAVANNAH 
With respect to the savannah peoples, Islam reached the region in the eighth century A.D., the date from which the written history of West Africa begins. The writings of Arab Muslim chroniclers about West Africa appeared in the wake of the religion of the 
Prophet: Ibn Munnabch wrote in A.D, 738, followed later by Al. Masudi in A.D. 947. But the rocords of these chroniclers, together with more recent ethnographic evidence, indicate that naturally 
the subsistence patterns of the savannah peoples, like their ideas and belief and customs, for long persisted everywhere in varying degrees, Generally the grassland dwellers cultivated grain, but 
their scope and efficiency differed widely from place to place. 
There were, for instance, some people of what we now call Northern Nigeria who grew mainly one type of small grain; and some peoples of present-day Northern Ghana who cultivated varieties of millet, using light hoes which did not penetrate deep 
into the soil. There were, on the other hand, the Hausa of Northern Nigeria and the Bambara and Mandingo of Mali who dug deep into the ground and raised ridges for their millet, while at the same time irrigating the fields for cotton and other special 
crops. 
The impact of Islam was not responsible for the first develop-ment of agriculture in the Western and Central Sudan'. As a matter of fact one recent writer, G.P. Murdock, has even put forward the bold hypothesis that agriculture was genuinely 
 invented and food plants independently domesticated in the 
Mandingo country in the upper Niger basin. Murdock has how-ever been seriously criticised for this; but whether his thesis will stand the test of criticism or not, he has attempted to represent West Africa as an active participant, rather than a passive recipient, 
in the skilled processes of development of agricultural techniques and domestication of food plants. At all events, there has been a long tradition of successful cultivation of specialised crops in the Western and Central Sudan, a tradition dating from much earlier 
than the period of this discussion. 
The savannah peoples, furthermore, were skilled in tending animals. Livestock was reared by people like the Wolof and Serer of Senegal, or later by the almost ubiquitous Fulani who often arranged a mode of living with the settled peoples in whose fields 
They roamed and grazed their herds and flocks. Of the varied live. 
stock kept, the beasts of burden camels, horses and donkeys-demand especial mention. Although this is a subject of controversy among scholars, it is generally believed that the camel was intro-duced from the East into North Africa before the Christian era, 
and thence into the Sudan early in the first millennium A.D. In addition to its high carrying capacity and its singular ability to 
travel for many days without water, the camel-particularly the riding camel (mehari) bred for speed--can move much faster than the bullock, for instance. The horse is also of extra-African origin. 
It served not only as a pack-animal but also as a military and political instrument whereby military force could be concentrated at short notice and communication maintained between capital 
and province. The donkey, as is now generally accepted, was on the other hand domesticated in north-eastern Africa. It was, to the ordinary savannah inhabitant, the beast of burden par excellence, 
not requiring large capital investment but able to convey heavy loads of grain, raw material and craft products from field and village to granary and town. 
Attention might also be called to cattle. The domestication of these animals has been claimed for Western Asia but, though he has been criticised by his countrymen, a French writer has suggested that they were brought into human society in the 
Sahara where, as you may recall, there are ancient rock painting:

Pg 44-45, Ch 3 THE PEOPLES OF WEST AFRICA AROUND A.D. 1000, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY

https://arena-images-temp.s3.amazonaws.com

img_5753.jpg

African Empires+States

Untitled

img_9478.jpg

img_9477.jpg

African Legacy - Recording Africas Visible Archaeology

Old Oyo

Pg 234, A THOUSAND YEARS OF WEST AFRICAN HISTORY: West African Trade AD 1000-1800

img_6446.jpg

Yoruba History+Language+Religion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor - Wikipedia

From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation | Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor | TEDxBaltimore

YouTube

Valentin-Yves Mudimbe (born 8 December 1941, Jadotville, Belgian Congo) is a Congolese philosopher, professor, and author of poems, novels, as well as books and articles on African culture and intellectual history.[1] Mudimbe is Ruth F. DeVarney Professor of Romance Studies and professor of comparat…

Valentin-Yves Mudimbe (born 8 December 1941, Jadotville, Belgian Congo) is a Congolese philosopher, professor, and author of poems, novels, as well as books and articles on African culture and intellectual history.[1] Mudimbe is Ruth F. DeVarney Professor of Romance Studies and professor of comparat…

V. Y. Mudimbe - Wikipedia

Lewis Gordon - Shifting the geography of reason

Amadou Hampâté Bâ - Wikipedia

This video is a documentary by Ange Casta aired on Channel 1 for the first time on September 7, 1969, on the program "Un Certain Regard". It is an interview ...

This video is a documentary by Ange Casta aired on Channel 1 for the first time on September 7, 1969, on the program "Un Certain Regard". It is an interview ...

Interview with the great Malian writer, historian and ethnologist Amadou Hampâté Bâ (1969)

African Philosophers

Jacob Lawerence (b.1917-2000)

d31593ef-175b-44cd-9bb9-d80e2a62efb5.jpg

Bandele Omoniyi (6 November 1884&nbsp;– 1913)[1] was a Nigerian nationalist who is best known for his book A Defence of the Ethiopian Movement (1908), which urged for political reforms in the colonies, warning that otherwise a revolution in Africa might end British rule.[2] According to Hakim Adi, he is…

Bandele Omoniyi (6 November 1884&nbsp;– 1913)[1] was a Nigerian nationalist who is best known for his book A Defence of the Ethiopian Movement (1908), which urged for political reforms in the colonies, warning that otherwise a revolution in Africa might end British rule.[2] According to Hakim Adi, he is…

Bandele Omoniyi - Wikipedia

Pg 11 @ Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760--1900

Pg 11 @ Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760--1900

Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760--1900 By Kristin Mann · 2007

ISBN: 9780253117083, 0253117089

via Google Books

Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760--1900 By Kristin Mann · 2007

ISBN: 9780253117083, 0253117089

via Google Books

Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760--1900 By Kristin Mann · 2007 – Google Books

google.com

Google Books

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / A Summary Of Southern Nigeria From 900 Ce To 1900 Ce (in Maps) (8053 Views)

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / A Summary Of Southern Nigeria From 900 Ce To 1900 Ce (in Maps) (8053 Views)

A Summary Of Southern Nigeria From 900 Ce To 1900 Ce (in Maps) - Culture - Nigeria

nairaland.com

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / Nigeria Old pictures(1800-1980) (90745 Views)

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / Nigeria Old pictures(1800-1980) (90745 Views)

Nigeria Old pictures(1800-1980) - Culture (2) - Nigeria

Nigeria History

This is the 53 minute length documentary on the amazing Chikukwa Permaculture Project. The movie tells the story of an amazing permaculture, food security and social change project in a remote part of Zimbabwe. This longer version will be of great interest to anyone interested in working in rural food security projects in Africa.

This is the 53 minute length documentary on the amazing Chikukwa Permaculture Project. The movie tells the story of an amazing permaculture, food security and social change project in a remote part of Zimbabwe. This longer version will be of great interest to anyone interested in working in rural food security projects in Africa.

A Zimbabwe Permaculture Project Full Doco

Vimeo

Archive of Doug Henwood’s radio shows.

Radio archives

leftbusinessobserver.com

True Colours

Something went wrong trying to save https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/7553/1/Olajide_Adeola_ECAS_2013.pdf.

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www.researchgate.net needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding.

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Just a moment...

researchgate.net

A fine portal into the mind-bending craziness of the Lord of Cheese.

A fine portal into the mind-bending craziness of the Lord of Cheese.

Custom Motorcycle Parts and General Tomfoolery

Speed ofCheese Racing

suruleredotdev

SURULERE RESEARCH

Carl Haag - Wikipedia

Kisra legend - Wikipedia

David F. Noble - Wikipedia

Ibn Khaldun - Wikipedia

Francisco Félix de Sousa - Wikipedia

After abolishing slavery, Britain looked to India to replace the labor on its plantations. The British Empire has since gone to great lengths for history to forget how it created the world’s largest diaspora. 

After abolishing slavery, Britain looked to India to replace the labor on its plantations. The British Empire has since gone to great lengths for history to forget how it created the world’s largest diaspora.

How Britain Used India To Replace Slave Labor - YouTube

Historiography

Career Networking

Hausaland walled cities and towns

Sarraounia - Wikipedia

The government of Northern Nigeria was modelled after the Westminster system. A premier acts as head of government and presides over the day-to-day affairs of government, while a governor acts as head of state and commander-in-chief of the constabulary.[1][2] The Lower house of parliament, called th…

The government of Northern Nigeria was modelled after the Westminster system. A premier acts as head of government and presides over the day-to-day affairs of government, while a governor acts as head of state and commander-in-chief of the constabulary.[1][2] The Lower house of parliament, called th…

Politics of Northern Nigeria - Wikipedia

the_sokoto_caliphate.png

https://cdn.discordapp.com

List of sultans of Sokoto - Wikipedia

With 500 million native speakers, Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Which one should you learn?

With 500 million native speakers, Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Which one should you learn?

All In The Language Family: The Afro-Asiatic Languages

Babbel Magazine

Hausa Language+Religion

NIGERIA DATA

img_3172.jpg

The Road to 2023: Nigeria’s Election Updates | The Republic

The Republic

The Road to 2023

What Is Nigeria’s 2021 Electoral Amendment Act?

Don't forget to subscribe: https://bit.ly/2Hb8hjx Watch more interesting videos: https://bit.ly/34ogCaw Follow Channels Television On: Facebook: https://www....

Don't forget to subscribe: <a href="https://bit.ly/2Hb8hjx" rel="nofollow noopener">https://bit.ly/2Hb8hjx</a> Watch more interesting videos: <a href="https://bit.ly/34ogCaw" rel="nofollow noopener">https://bit.ly/34ogCaw</a> Follow Channels Television On: Facebook: <a href="https://www" rel="nofollow noopener">https://www</a>....

Documentary: 50 Years After Biafra

Footage of Wole Soyinka, the internationally known Nigerian playwright, speaking to a reporter after being released from 26 months of detention without trial...

Footage of Wole Soyinka, the internationally known Nigerian playwright, speaking to a reporter after being released from 26 months of detention without trial...

Wole Soyinka Released from Military Detention | October 1969

Footage of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first Nigerian head of state, flying into Lagos from London on Sept. 7th 1969 after having left the renegade state of Biaf...

Footage of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, the first Nigerian head of state, flying into Lagos from London on Sept. 7th 1969 after having left the renegade state of Biaf...

The Nigerian Civil War: Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe Flies To Nigeria | September 1969

Nigeria Politics

Talks

good left talks

Map Projections: Interrupted Maps

Progonos

Interactieve kaart Interactive map of Map of Maps

Interactieve kaart Interactive map of Map of Maps

Map of Maps

Amsterdam

310px-spatial_contextual_awareness_fig_2.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org

circulation_of_capital-color.png

screenshot.png

82,114 votes and 2,810 comments so far on Reddit

82,114 votes and 2,810 comments so far on Reddit

I listed more than 1,800 must-see movies and arranged them by genre and themes on a giant imaginary roadmap

reddit

Maps

Students of Geoff's Online Permaculture Design Course have question-and-answer sessions where Geoff fields a number of questions every week and answers them via videos. This question was pulled from the 2021 collection. For more permaculture insights, check out the free Masterclass at https://www.discoverpermaculture.com Question Big industry claims they are there to meet the ever-growing demand for food supplies.

Students of Geoff's Online Permaculture Design Course have question-and-answer sessions where Geoff fields a number of questions every week and answers them via videos. This question was pulled from the 2021 collection. For more permaculture insights, check out the free Masterclass at <a href="https://www.discoverpermaculture.com" rel="nofollow noopener">https://www.discoverpermaculture.com</a> Question Big industry claims they are there to meet the ever-growing demand for food supplies.

How to Transition From Industrialized Agriculture to Permaculture?

Cambridge Core - African History - The Slave Trade and Culture in the Bight of Biafra

Cambridge Core - African History - The Slave Trade and Culture in the Bight of Biafra

The Slave Trade and Culture in the Bight of Biafra

Cambridge Core

Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria(1914–1954)

Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria(1914–1954)

Colonial Nigeria - Wikipedia

The Center for the Humanities encourages collaborative and creative work in the humanities at CUNY and across the city through seminars, conferences, publications and exhibitions.

The Center for the Humanities encourages collaborative and creative work in the humanities at CUNY and across the city through seminars, conferences, publications and exhibitions.

Herman Bennett

The Center for the Humanities

freire-pedagogy-of-the-oppressed.pdf

Lower Mesopotamia and Khuzestan Province

Zanj Rebellion - Wikipedia

Abolition Geography

Nelson Mandela - Wikipedia

Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on 13 April 1922 in Mwitongo, an area in the town of Butiama in Tanganyika's Mara Region. He was one of 25 surviving children of Nyerere Burito, the chief of the Zanaki people.

Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on 13 April 1922 in Mwitongo, an area in the town of Butiama in Tanganyika's Mara Region. He was one of 25 surviving children of Nyerere Burito, the chief of the Zanaki people.

Julius Nyerere - Wikipedia

Wikipedia

Mehdi Ben Barka ( Arabic: المهدي بن بركة‎; 1920 - disappeared 29 October 1965) was a Moroccan politician, head of the left-wing National Union of Popular Forces (UNPF) and secretary of the Tricontinental Conference. An opponent of King Hassan II, he " disappeared" in Paris in 1965.

Mehdi Ben Barka ( Arabic: المهدي بن بركة‎; 1920 - disappeared 29 October 1965) was a Moroccan politician, head of the left-wing National Union of Popular Forces (UNPF) and secretary of the Tricontinental Conference. An opponent of King Hassan II, he " disappeared" in Paris in 1965.

Mehdi Ben Barka - Wikipedia

Sylvanus Olympio was born on 6 September 1902 in Kpandu in the German protectorate of Togoland, present day Volta Region of Ghana. He was the grandson to the important Afro-Brazilian trader Francisco Olympio Sylvio and son to Ephiphanio Olympio, who ran the prominent trading house for the Miller Brothers from Liverpool in Agoué (in present-day Benin).

Sylvanus Olympio was born on 6 September 1902 in Kpandu in the German protectorate of Togoland, present day Volta Region of Ghana. He was the grandson to the important Afro-Brazilian trader Francisco Olympio Sylvio and son to Ephiphanio Olympio, who ran the prominent trading house for the Miller Brothers from Liverpool in Agoué (in present-day Benin).

Sylvanus Olympio - Wikipedia

Félix-Roland Moumié (1926 - 3 November 1960) was an anti-colonialist Cameroonian leader, assassinated in Geneva on 3 November 1960 by a former agent of the SDECE (French secret service) probably at the request of Cameroonian authorities with thallium, following official independence from France earlier that year.

Félix-Roland Moumié (1926 - 3 November 1960) was an anti-colonialist Cameroonian leader, assassinated in Geneva on 3 November 1960 by a former agent of the SDECE (French secret service) probably at the request of Cameroonian authorities with thallium, following official independence from France earlier that year.

Félix-Roland Moumié - Wikipedia

patrice lumumba

Africa Independence Leaders

real-time-communication-on-aws.pdf-welcome

https://docs.aws.amazon.com

img_5750.jpg

26 AWS Security Best Practices to Adopt in Production &ndash; Sysdig

Sysdig

26 AWS Security Best Practices to Adopt in Production - Sysdig

26 AWS Security Best Practices to Adopt in Production – Sysdig

We have a cloud computing platform called Workers. Unlike essentially every other cloud computing platform I know of, it doesn't use containers or virtual machines. We believe that is the future of Serverless and cloud computing in general, and I'll try to convince you why.

We have a cloud computing platform called Workers. Unlike essentially every other cloud computing platform I know of, it doesn't use containers or virtual machines. We believe that is the future of Serverless and cloud computing in general, and I'll try to convince you why.

Cloud Computing without Containers

The Cloudflare Blog

Hi @j3deye 👋 , I think a service would map better to a group in Nomad, since it’s at this level that things like: count (equivalent to replicas or scale in Docker Compose) ports (ports as well in Docker compose) volumes (volumes in Docker Compose too) are defined (among others). Being able …

Hi @j3deye 👋 , I think a service would map better to a group in Nomad, since it’s at this level that things like: count (equivalent to replicas or scale in Docker Compose) ports (ports as well in Docker compose) volumes (volumes in Docker Compose too) are defined (among others). Being able …

Translating docker-compose.yml with multiple services using a common image ... to Nomad Job - Nomad - HashiCorp Discuss

HashiCorp Discuss

Using the new Nomad Autoscaler and Tailscale to extend a local Raspberry Pi Nomad cluster with cloud instances.

Using the new Nomad Autoscaler and Tailscale to extend a local Raspberry Pi Nomad cluster with cloud instances.

Scale out your Raspberry Pi Nomad cluster to the cloud

johansiebens.dev

Cloud Computing

When Goebbels, the brain behind Nazi propaganda, heard culture being discussed, he brought out his revolver. That shows that the Nazis, who were and are the most tragic expression of imperialism and of its thirst for domination--even if they were all degenerates like Hitler, had a clear idea of the value of culture as a factor of resistance to foreign domination.

When Goebbels, the brain behind Nazi propaganda, heard culture being discussed, he brought out his revolver. That shows that the Nazis, who were and are the most tragic expression of imperialism and of its thirst for domination--even if they were all degenerates like Hitler, had a clear idea of the value of culture as a factor of resistance to foreign domination.

Amilcar Cabral National Liberation and Culture

Historyisaweapon

chp_45.pdf

http://tlstudies.org

cabral_unity-and-struggle.pdf

amilcar_cabral_return_to_the_source_selected_spbook4me.org_copy.pdf

https://www.sahistory.org.za

Check out http://africanlegends.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/amilcar-cabral-le-pere-de-lindependance-bissau-et-cap-verdienne/ to learn more about Amilcar Cabral. This is a short interview given by Amilcar Cabral, the father of the Guinee-Bissau and Cape-verdean independence. It makes me so proud to see him, one of the fighters of the independence of an African country.

Check out <a href="http://africanlegends.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/amilcar-cabral-le-pere-de-lindependance-bissau-et-cap-verdienne/" rel="nofollow noopener">http://africanlegends.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/amilcar-cabral-le-pere-de-lindependance-bissau-et-cap-verdienne/</a> to learn more about Amilcar Cabral. This is a short interview given by Amilcar Cabral, the father of the Guinee-Bissau and Cape-verdean independence. It makes me so proud to see him, one of the fighters of the independence of an African country.